The nervous system
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The Neuromuscular System: Nervous and Muscular Systems
1. Introduction to the Neuromuscular System
The neuromuscular system refers to the combined interaction between the nervous system and muscular system.
2. Components of the Nervous System
Sensation: The nervous system comprises sensors throughout the body, gathering information about both internal and external environments, such as blood and CO2 levels and temperature.
Analysis: The system processes and interprets sensory input, making decisions on appropriate responses, often involving muscle contractions or glandular secretions.
2.1 Automated Responses
Many decisions and responses are automated and lack voluntary control.
3. Divisions of the Nervous System
Central Nervous System (CNS): Comprising the brain and spinal cord.
Peripheral Nervous System (PNS): Primarily responsible for muscular actions.
3.1 The Spinal Cord
The spinal cord consists of cervical, thoracic, lumbar, and sacral segments, named according to their location along the vertebral column. It serves as the crucial communication link between the brain and the body.
3.2 Reflex Mechanisms
The spinal cord integrates incoming information and generates responses via reflex mechanisms, which are essential for rapid reactions without conscious thought.
3.3 Impact of Spinal Cord Injury
If the spinal cord is damaged, it can severely affect all movement and function beyond the injury point.
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